Integrand size = 18, antiderivative size = 96 \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {x \left (2+x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}-\frac {x \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}{3 \left (1+x^2\right )}+\frac {\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^2+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \arctan (x)\left |\frac {1}{4}\right .\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \]
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Time = 0.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 96, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 2, number of rules used = 2, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.111, Rules used = {1192, 1209} \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {\left (x^2+1\right ) \sqrt {\frac {x^4+x^2+1}{\left (x^2+1\right )^2}} E\left (2 \arctan (x)\left |\frac {1}{4}\right .\right )}{3 \sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}}-\frac {\sqrt {x^4+x^2+1} x}{3 \left (x^2+1\right )}+\frac {\left (x^2+2\right ) x}{3 \sqrt {x^4+x^2+1}} \]
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Rule 1192
Rule 1209
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {x \left (2+x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}+\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {1-x^2}{\sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \, dx \\ & = \frac {x \left (2+x^2\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}-\frac {x \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}}{3 \left (1+x^2\right )}+\frac {\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x^2+x^4}{\left (1+x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}(x)|\frac {1}{4}\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \\ \end{align*}
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 9.86 (sec) , antiderivative size = 160, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.67 \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {2 x+x^3-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt {1+\sqrt [3]{-1} x^2} \sqrt {1-(-1)^{2/3} x^2} E\left (i \text {arcsinh}\left ((-1)^{5/6} x\right )|(-1)^{2/3}\right )-\frac {1}{2} i \sqrt {2+\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right ) x^2} \sqrt {6+\left (3-3 i \sqrt {3}\right ) x^2} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (x+i \sqrt {3} x\right )\right ),\frac {1}{2} i \left (i+\sqrt {3}\right )\right )}{3 \sqrt {1+x^2+x^4}} \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 223, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.32
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {x \left (x^{2}+2\right )}{3 \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, F\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}+\frac {4 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, \left (F\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )-E\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}\) | \(223\) |
elliptic | \(-\frac {2 \left (-\frac {1}{6} x^{3}-\frac {1}{3} x \right )}{\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, F\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}+\frac {4 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, \left (F\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )-E\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}\) | \(226\) |
default | \(-\frac {2 \left (-\frac {1}{6} x +\frac {1}{6} x^{3}\right )}{\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, F\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}+\frac {4 \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, \sqrt {1-\left (-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) x^{2}}\, \left (F\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )-E\left (\frac {x \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}}{2}\right )\right )}{3 \sqrt {-2+2 i \sqrt {3}}\, \sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}\, \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}-\frac {2 \left (-\frac {1}{3} x^{3}-\frac {1}{6} x \right )}{\sqrt {x^{4}+x^{2}+1}}\) | \(247\) |
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Time = 0.09 (sec) , antiderivative size = 131, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.36 \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=-\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-3} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {-3} - 1} F(\arcsin \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} x \sqrt {\sqrt {-3} - 1}\right )\,|\,\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {-3} - \frac {1}{2}) + \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} - \sqrt {-3} {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )} + 1\right )} \sqrt {\sqrt {-3} - 1} E(\arcsin \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} x \sqrt {\sqrt {-3} - 1}\right )\,|\,\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {-3} - \frac {1}{2}) - 4 \, \sqrt {x^{4} + x^{2} + 1} {\left (x^{3} + 2 \, x\right )}}{12 \, {\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}} \]
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\[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {x^{2} + 1}{\left (\left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right )\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{2} + 1}{{\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{2} + 1}{{\left (x^{4} + x^{2} + 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {1+x^2}{\left (1+x^2+x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {x^2+1}{{\left (x^4+x^2+1\right )}^{3/2}} \,d x \]
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